Specific Aims The specific aims of the study are: - Primary Objective: To assess the effect of alemtuzumab on microglial activation in MS patients. The hypothesis is that alemtuzumab reduces microglial activation in MS, which may mediate its effect on reducing conversion of RRMS patients to SPMS, and its effects on cognition, including cognitive fatigue. - Secondary Objective: To determine the time course of effect of alemtuzumab on microglial activation. The hypothesis is that alemtuzumab reduces microglial activation at 6 months after initiation of treatment and this effect persists and is accentuated at 18 years, i.e. after administration of the second course
Name: [F-18]PBR06
Description: PET radiopharmaceuticalType: DrugRelapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis starting Alemtuzumab
Description: PET outcome measure change at 18 months from baseline
Measure: PET Uptake/Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) change Time: baseline and 18 monthsDescription: PET outcome measure change at 6 months from baseline
Measure: PET Uptake/Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) change Time: baseline and 6 monthsDescription: MRI outcome measure change at 18 months from baseline
Measure: T2/FLAIR lesion load change Time: baseline and 18 monthsDescription: MRI outcome measure change at 18 months from baseline
Measure: Whole brain/deep gray matter atrophy change Time: baseline and 18 monthsDescription: Clinical outcome measure change at 18 months from baseline; Scale Range: 0-10; Higher values represent worse outcomes
Measure: Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) change Time: baseline and 18 monthsDescription: Clinical outcome measure change at 18 months from baseline
Measure: Timed 25-foot walk (T25FW) change Time: baseline and 18 monthsDescription: Clinical outcome measure change at 18 months from baseline; Physical subscale range: 0-36; Cognitive subscale range: 0-40; Psychosocial subscale range: 0-8; Total MFIS Score scale range (Subscales Summed): 0-84; Higher values represent worse outcomes
Measure: Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MIFS) change Time: baseline and 18 monthsDescription: Clinical outcome measure change at 18 months from baseline
Measure: Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS) change Time: baseline and 18 monthsSingle Group Assignment
There is one SNP
Non Imaging/Clinical Data The following non-imaging/clinical data will be obtained: Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) Timed 25-feet walk (T25W) MS Functional Composite (MSFC) Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function Scale in MS (MACFIMS) battery Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) MSQOL-54 scale (QOL) Modified fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) --- T25W ---