To determine if the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism moderates the subjective-rewarding effects of intravenous (IV) nicotine in male and female smokers. The subjective effects of nicotine will be measured with a Drug Effects Questionnaire, including the ratings of "good effects" and "drug liking". We hypothesize that smokers with the AG/GG genotype for the OPRM1 A118G will have attenuated subjective-rewarding effects from IV nicotine when compared to those with AA genotype.
Name: saline
Description: intravenous salineType: DrugSaline
Name: Nicotine
Description: Intravenous nicotineType: DrugNicotine
Allocation: Randomized
Crossover Assignment
There are 2 SNPs
Sensitivity to Intravenous Nicotine: Genetic Moderators To determine if the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) A118G polymorphism moderates the subjective-rewarding effects of intravenous (IV) nicotine in male and female smokers. --- A118G ---
We hypothesize that smokers with the AG/GG genotype for the OPRM1 A118G will have attenuated subjective-rewarding effects from IV nicotine when compared to those with AA genotype. --- A118G ---
primary hypotheses will test the influence of OPRM1 A118G status on subjective responses to IV nicotine, which will be measured with the drug effects questionnaire (DEQ).. null. --- A118G ---
Further, the functional OPRM1 A118G variant has been linked to rewarding effects of alcohol in alcohol users and to nicotine in female smokers. --- A118G ---
Since no previous studies examined the influence of the A118G variation on pure nicotine responses, the next logical step is to evaluate how this genetic polymorphism affects nicotine's rewarding, cognitive, and physiological effects using IV nicotine administration in male and female smokers. --- A118G ---
In addition, the association of the G398A polymorphism of the CHRNA5 gene (rs16969968) with maximal response to nicotinic agonists justifies examination of this SNP as a moderator of IV nicotine sensitivity in humans (Bierut et al. 2008). --- G398A ---