Metabolic syndrome (MS) has an increasing prevalence worldwide and there is an urgent need for improvement of medical treatment. In traditional medicine phlebotomy (blood letting) is a recommended treatment for subjects with obesity and vascular disease. Recent studies showed that blood letting with iron depletion may improve insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes mellitus. The investigators aimed to test if traditional blood letting has beneficial effects in patients with MS. A randomized trial with a sample size of 64 self-referred MS patients was conducted. Patients in the blood letting group were allocated to blood letting intervention and the control group was offered a later treatment (waiting list). In the intervention group 300-400 ml of venous blood were withdrawn at day 1 and after 4 weeks. Primary outcomes were the change of systolic blood pressure and of insulin sensitivity as measured by HOMA-Index.
Name: blood letting
Description: blood letting twice within 4 weeks. First blood removal baseline with 400ml of venous blood and second blood removal with 300-400ml according to serum ferritin levels.Type: Procedureblood letting
Description: Glucose and insulin are measured on the basis of overnight fasting blood samples and Insulin sensitivity calculated according to HOMA-Index
Measure: insulin sensitivity Time: change from baseline at 6 weeksDescription: Blood pressure is measured twice after 5 minutes rest in the sitting position by sphygmomanometry
Measure: systolic blood pressure Time: change from baseline at 6 weeksAllocation: Randomized
Parallel Assignment
There is one SNP
Inclusion Criteria: - 25-70 years of age - given diagnosis of metabolic syndrome Exclusion Criteria: - clinically significant hepatic, neurological, endocrinologic, or other major systemic or inflammatory disease, including malignancy - known history of hemochromatosis, or presence of the Cys282Tyr mutation - history of drug or alcohol abuse - manifest cardiac disease - history of disturbances in iron balance (e.g., hemosiderosis from any cause, atransferrinemia) - preexisting anemia Inclusion Criteria: - 25-70 years of age - given diagnosis of metabolic syndrome Exclusion Criteria: - clinically significant hepatic, neurological, endocrinologic, or other major systemic or inflammatory disease, including malignancy - known history of hemochromatosis, or presence of the Cys282Tyr mutation - history of drug or alcohol abuse - manifest cardiac disease - history of disturbances in iron balance (e.g., hemosiderosis from any cause, atransferrinemia) - preexisting anemia Metabolic Syndrome Syndrome Metabolic Syndrome Insulin Resistance null --- Cys282Tyr ---
Inclusion Criteria: - 25-70 years of age - given diagnosis of metabolic syndrome Exclusion Criteria: - clinically significant hepatic, neurological, endocrinologic, or other major systemic or inflammatory disease, including malignancy - known history of hemochromatosis, or presence of the Cys282Tyr mutation - history of drug or alcohol abuse - manifest cardiac disease - history of disturbances in iron balance (e.g., hemosiderosis from any cause, atransferrinemia) - preexisting anemia Inclusion Criteria: - 25-70 years of age - given diagnosis of metabolic syndrome Exclusion Criteria: - clinically significant hepatic, neurological, endocrinologic, or other major systemic or inflammatory disease, including malignancy - known history of hemochromatosis, or presence of the Cys282Tyr mutation - history of drug or alcohol abuse - manifest cardiac disease - history of disturbances in iron balance (e.g., hemosiderosis from any cause, atransferrinemia) - preexisting anemia Metabolic Syndrome Syndrome Metabolic Syndrome Insulin Resistance null --- Cys282Tyr --- --- Cys282Tyr ---