Interactions between genes and environment, are likely to be crucial in the development of the common diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Recently, the investigators have obtained data that genotypes of genes encoding for fatty acid desaturases 1 and 2 (FADS1 and FADS2) are the strongest genes in a genome-wide analysis regulating serum fatty acid profile.The aim of this study is to test if subjects with different genotypes of the FADS2 gene respond differently to a diet supplemented with linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid (substrates for FADS2). The study hypothesizes that subjects will be more sensitive to the dietary modifications according to their genotype leading to more robust differences in serum FA profile, tissue inflammation and serum lipids.
Name: LA
Description: The source of linoleic acid (LA) will be sunflower oil (62-63 % LA). The study diets will be isocaloric. The allowed weight change during the study is ± 2-3 %. The amount of supplementary oil will be calculated individually based on the calculated energy expenditure and adjusted, if necessary, during the study based on body weight measurements.Type: Dietary SupplementCC genotype LA TT genotype LA
Name: ALA
Description: The source of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) will be camelina sativa oil (30-35 % ALA). The study diets will be isocaloric. The allowed weight change during the study is ± 2-3 %. The amount of supplementary oil will be calculated individually based on the calculated energy expenditure and adjusted, if necessary, during the study based on body weight measurements.Type: Dietary SupplementCC genotype ALA TT genotype ALA
Description: Fatty acid composition of serum lipid fractions
Measure: Change in fatty acid composition of serum lipid fractions Time: 8 weeksDescription: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) variables: fasting, 30 min and 120 min glucose and insulin measurements
Measure: Glucose and insulin metabolism response Time: 8 weeksDescription: Serum circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
Measure: Inflammatory markers response Time: 8 weeksDescription: Subcutaneous adipose tissue taken by open biopsy to collect 1-5 g of adipose tissue.
Measure: Adipose tissue biopsies Time: 8 weeksAllocation: Randomized
Parallel Assignment
There is one SNP
Subcutaneous adipose tissue taken by open biopsy to collect 1-5 g of adipose tissue.. Inclusion Criteria: - Participants of METSIM study cohort with CC/TT FADS1 rs174547 SNP genotype.
Inclusion Criteria: - Participants of METSIM study cohort with CC/TT FADS1 rs174547 SNP genotype.