There are 10 clinical trials
The project aims at assessment of the effect of the FTO gene polymorphism and the type of treatment on the development of overweight/obesity and features of metabolic syndrome in children with type 1 diabetes. Gene polymorphism including some genetic variants may predispose to the development of cardiovascular diseases and their complications. The A allele of the FTO gene predisposing to obesity occurs in approximately 40% of the European population and each copy of this allele can increase BMI by 0.1 Z-score i.e. by 0.4 kg/m2. Insulin therapy in diabetic patients may result in excess body weight gain. Therefore we need studies involving large groups of children and assessing cardiovascular risk factors in type 1 diabetes along with their genetic associations. Patients: The study will include 1500 children with type 1 diabetes, aged 6-18 years. Reference group will be made of 1500 children in whom type 1 diabetes was excluded. The following variables will be assessed in the treatment group: 1) Anthropometric data and questionnaire data: age, sex, body height and weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, arm and thigh circumferences, family history of overweight/obesity, type 1 or 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, 2) Primary disease characteristics: age of the disease onset, treatment regimen, mean daily insulin consumption per kg body weight, brands of insulin products, glycated haemoglobin, BMI from the first 3-6 months following diabetes onset, diet, conversion of these data into actual and ideal calorie intake 3) Laboratory data - lipid profile and blood pressure (average of three measurements). Methodology: Gene polymorphism analysis in the extracted DNA will be made with the real-time PCR method using TaqMan 7900 HT by Applied Biosystems. Correlations between the FTO gene polymorphism and clinical variables such as BMI (including BMI increase since the disease onset), body weight and height, waist and hip circumferences, arm and thigh circumferences, and blood pressure will be assessed by a professional statistician with a specially dedicated software. Moreover parameters such as diet and metabolic control will be assessed. As regards insulin therapy the following variables will be analysed: insulin injection device, therapy regimen (intensive versus functional; brands and types of insulin products: human insulin versus insulin analogue), consumption of insulin. All of the above listed variables will be correlated with the genotypes found in the gene polymorphism analysis. The study has been approved by Bioethics Committee of the Medical University in Białystok. Results: The authors of the project expect that the effect of the FTO gene polymorphism on overweight/obesity and features of metabolic syndrome in children with type 1 diabetes will be shown. Moreover the project will enable assessment of the effect of the therapeutic regimen, including the type of insulin product, on body weight increase in the course of type 1 diabetes treatment in the context of the FTO gene polymorphism. Confirmation of the above associations and identification of a group at risk of excess body weight increase in the course of insulin therapy may help physicians, parents and patients to avoid this complication. Therefore clinical benefit of this project will include identification - based on the genetic assays results - of a group of type 1 diabetic children particularly likely to develop overweight, obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.
Particular objective of the project is providing an answer to the question: Are type 1 diabetic children who are carriers of the AA genotype of the FTO gene polymorphism (rs9939609) at risk of more weight gain in the course of insulin therapy when compared to carriers of the TA and TT genotypes of this polymorphism ?
Background: Obesity treatment should be individualized since some calorie restricted diet doesn't work for some individuals. Objective: we assess the effect of two different calorie restriction with MediterrAsian diet on weight loss of FTO rs9939609 carriers with overweight. Methods: we recruit 80 healthy overweight participants aged 20-45 years that randomly allocated in two interventional group [group 1: Mediterrasian diet according to adjusted ideal body weight with 500 calories restriction (RD) and group 2: without 500 calories restriction (NRD)+ Moderate physical activity]. Anthropometric indices will be assesses for all participants weekly for two month. The criteria for weight loss is 250-500 grams weekly. Metabolic indices, physical activity and psychologic aspects will be assesses at baseline and the end of the intervention. Dietary adherence will be checked by 24hr recalls at day 0, 30 and 60. At the end of the study, we compare carriers with different alleles (AA+TA and TT) in two intervention groups to find out which calorie restriction is appropriate for each genotype. Significant p-value is less than 0.05.
Comparison of the Effect of MediterrAsian Diet With Two Different Calorie Restriction on Anthropometric Indices in Carriers of FTO rs9939609 Polymorphism With Overweigh: Toward Personalized Nutrition.
Comparison of Two Calorie Restricted MediterrAsian Diet on Weight Loss in FTO rs9939609 Overweight Carriers Background: Obesity treatment should be individualized since some calorie restricted diet doesn't work for some individuals.
Objective: we assess the effect of two different calorie restriction with MediterrAsian diet on weight loss of FTO rs9939609 carriers with overweight.
The aim of the first year of this three-year plan is to analyze and compare the muscle quality of lower limb muscle (microcirculation, muscle performance and mechanical characteristics) and maximal aerobic exercise capacity in treadmill exercise tests for diabetic and non-diabetic cases. The hypotheses are:1) the muscle quality of lower limb muscle and maximal aerobic exercise capacity are different between participate with diabetic and non-diabetic, 2) the effect of the three-month aerobic exercise intervention or home exercise on the characteristics of the muscle quality are different , and 3) intrinsic factors (such as age, BMI, and HDL) and characteristics of specific FTO genes are influenced the training outcomes.
rs9939609 SNP analysis, record as TT or TA or AA type.
Description: elastography was used, units on kPa
Measure: index of muscle stiffness Time: Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 monthsDescription: Dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength, units on kilograms
Measure: muscle strength of knee extensor and plantarflexor Time: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 monthsDescription: B mode sonography was used, units on mm/s
Measure: Relative sliding of muscles Time: Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 monthsDescription: Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure oxygen saturation on muscle, units on percentage
Measure: muscle microcirculation Time: Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 monthsDescription: Bruce treadmill protocol was used in the maximal exercise testing, maximum rate of oxygen consumption record as ml/kg/min
Measure: maximum rate of oxygen consumption Time: BaselineDescription: rs9939609 SNP analysis, record as TT or TA or AA type
Measure: characteristics of specific FTO genes Time: BaselineDescription: self report the ability of walking one-fourth of a mile, record as degree of difficulty: none, some difficulty, much difficulty, inability
Measure: physical activity level Time: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 monthsDescription: weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2
Measure: BMI Time: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 monthsDescription: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), unit on percentage
Measure: blood glucose level Time: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 monthsDescription: total cholesterol, units on mg/dL
Measure: blood cholesterol Time: Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 monthsThe study focuses on the influence of polymorphism in the FTO genes rs9939609 and PPARᵧ Pro12Ala, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation on changes in body composition and rest metabolism induced by HIIT and continuous aerobic programs in obese or overweight individuals.
Influence of Genetic and Physiological in Weight Loss The study focuses on the influence of polymorphism in the FTO genes rs9939609 and PPARᵧ Pro12Ala, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation on changes in body composition and rest metabolism induced by HIIT and continuous aerobic programs in obese or overweight individuals.
Thus, the objective of the study is to analyze the influence of polymorphism in the genes FTO rs9939609 and PPARᵧ Pro12Ala, oxidative stress and systemic inflammation on changes in body composition and rest metabolism induced by continuous and continuous aerobic programs.
Description: The procedure used for analysis is done using a Dual Energy Radiological Absortiometry (DEXA) equipment. The measurement of the body fat and fat free mass percentage measure is obtained by means of a full body scan using the LUNAR PRODIGY DF + 14.319 Radiation (Madison, WI) brand device, following manufacturer's protocols. The body mass is evaluated by means of a balance (Sanny®, São Bernardo do Campo - São Paulo, Brazil), with the volunteer barefoot and in orthostatic position using a Toledo scale sensitive to 100 g. The stature is evaluated by a stadiometer with a tape calibrated at 0.1 of the same mark. Waist circumference and other body perimeters are measured with a 0.1 cm Anthropometric Tape (Sanny®, São Bernardo do Campo - São Paulo, Brazil). Weight and height data are used to calculate BMI using the equation adopted by the WHO: BMI = (Weight / (Stature) 2).
Measure: Body Composition. The changes are being evaluated. Time: Before the intervention protocol and 48 hours immediately after the last exercise session.Description: The metabolic rate was measured using a gas spirometry analyzer. After having fasted from 8:00 pm the previous day, the volunteers were referred to the laboratory shortly after the awakening and were invited to remain seated in a thermoneutral environment for 30 minutes. For the next 30 minutes, VO2, VCO2, VE and RER were monitored until variations of no more than 10% occurred when five-minute intervals were compared. Once this steady state was obtained, these variables were recorded for five minutes. The calculation of the resting metabolic rate is done according to Macdonald (1990).
Measure: Metabolic Rate of Rest. The changes are being evaluated. Time: Before the intervention protocol and 48 hours immediately after the last exercise session.Description: Collections of 10 ml of blood from the antecubital vein will be performed early in the morning, with fasting from 10 to 12 hours. The collections will be done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and after the intervention period. They will remain seated for 10 minutes for subsequent collection. Five milliliters of blood will be placed in EDTA-containing test tubes, protected from light and gently homogenized by inversion. The other 5ml will be placed in tubes without anticoagulants. They will then be centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The plasma or serum will be separated, placed in eppendorf tubes and refrigerated at -20 ° C until analysis. All analyzes will be carried out using a commercial kit of the Labtest brand (Minas Gerais-Brazil). The analyzes will be carried out on serum samples using commercial Labtest kits (Minas Gerais, Brazil), following the manufacturer's recommendations and on a Labmax 240 premium automatic analyzer (Lagoa Santa-MG, Brazil).
Measure: Lipid and Glycemic Profile. The changes are being evaluated. Time: The collections will be done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and 48 hours after the end of the intervention.Description: 10 ml of blood will be collected in the beginning of the morning, with fasting of 10 to 12 hours, being done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and after the intervention period. Five milliliters of blood will be placed in test tubes containing EDTA and protected from light and the other 5ml will be placed in tubes without anticoagulants and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The plasma or serum will be separated, placed in eppendorf tubes and refrigerated at -20 ° C until analyzed by a commercial kit of the Labtest brand (Minas Gerais, Brazil). For this, 250 μl of sample will be added to KCl and incubated in a water bath (37 ° / 60 minutes). The mixture will be precipitated with 35% AA perchloric acid and centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4 ° C. The supernatant will be transferred to eppendorfs and 400μl of 0.6% thiobarbituric acid is added and incubated at 95-100 ° C for 30minutes. The material will be read in a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 532nm.
Measure: Oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde). The changes are being evaluated. Time: The collections will be done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and 48 hours after the end of the intervention.Description: 10 ml of blood will be collected in the beginning of the morning, with fasting of 10 to 12 hours, being done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and after the intervention period. Five milliliters of blood will be placed in test tubes containing EDTA and protected from light and the other 5ml will be placed in tubes without anticoagulants and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The plasma or serum will be separated, placed in eppendorf tubes and refrigerated at -20 ° C until analyzed by a commercial kit of the Labtest brand (Minas Gerais, Brazil). The evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity will be performed through DPPH. For analysis, 100 μl of plasma will be added to 3.9 ml of vortexed DPPH solution, set to stand for 30 minutes and then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 15 minutes at 20 ° C. The supernatant will be used for spectrophotometer reading at 515 nm wavelength, using distilled white water. The result will be expressed as a percentage of antioxidant activity.
Measure: Oxidative stress (Total antioxidant capacity). The changes are being evaluated. Time: The collections will be done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and 48 hours after the end of the intervention.Description: 10 ml of blood will be collected in the beginning of the morning, with fasting of 10 to 12 hours, being done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and after the intervention period. Five milliliters of blood will be placed in test tubes containing EDTA and protected from light and the other 5ml will be placed in tubes without anticoagulants and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The plasma or serum will be separated, placed in eppendorf tubes and refrigerated at -20 ° C until analyzed by a commercial kit of the Labtest brand (Minas Gerais, Brazil). The concentration of hs-CRP will be quantified by immunoturbidimetry in serum samples. Calibration will use the Calibra Calibrator from Labtest (Calibra Plus PCR-ultra - Ref-345). Absorbance will be obtained on the Labmax 240 premium automatic analyzer at 540 nm wavelength. The concentrations of hs-CRP will be determined by the commercial kit (Labtest, Minas Gerais, Brazil) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Measure: Systemic Inflammation (Plasma ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein). The changes are being evaluated. Time: The collections will be done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and 48 hours after the end of the intervention.Description: 10 ml of blood will be collected in the beginning of the morning, with fasting of 10 to 12 hours, being done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and after the intervention period. Five milliliters of blood will be placed in test tubes containing EDTA and protected from light and the other 5ml will be placed in tubes without anticoagulants and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The plasma or serum will be separated, placed in eppendorf tubes and refrigerated at -20 ° C until analyzed by a commercial kit of the Labtest brand (Minas Gerais, Brazil). The A1GPA concentration will be quantified by immunoturbidimetry using the commercial kit (Labtest, Minas Gerais, Brazil) as per manufacturer's instructions. Calibration will use the Calibra Calibrator from Labtest (Calibra Plus Protein - Ref-346). The absorbance will be obtained in the Labmax 240 premium automatic analyzer (Lagoa Santa-MG, Brazil), at wavelength 340nm.
Measure: Systemic Inflammation (Analysis of alpha-1-glycoprotein acid). The changes are being evaluated. Time: The collections will be done 24 hours before, in the 6th week and 48 hours after the end of the intervention.Description: Oral cell samples were collected through a mouthwash for 60 seconds of 5 ml of 3% sucrose solution. The resulting contents of the mouthwash were transferred to a 15 ml tube, which immediately afterwards was placed in a solution of TNE (17 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 50 mM NaCl and 7 mM EDTA), diluted to 66% alcohol and autoclaved distilled water.After this, the extraction and genotyping process followed the recommendations of Saiki et al. (1985)
Measure: DNA Extraction and Genotyping Time: The genetic collection will be made in the 6th week of the intervention.This is cross-over, randomized clinical trial, with objective to evaluate the effects of low-dose oral hormone therapy and non-oral hormone therapy on endothelial function markers (fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, c-reactive protein), natriuretic peptide and on anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal variables in early and healthy postmenopausal women and analyzing polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor gene and FTO polymorphisms Patients will be randomized to receive oral hormone treatment or non-oral hormone treatment The investigators hypothesis is that a different genotypes in the receptor estrogen gene and FTO may have an influences on treatment response in metabolic markers and cardiovascular risk
Influence of 2 polymorphisms (rs9939609 and rs8050136) on the effect of different treatment regimens.
Description: Influence of 4 polymorphisms (PVUII, ALUI, RSAI and BSTUI) on the effect of different treatment regimens. Change from Baseline in weight, waist circumference, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glucose at 120 min, Fasting insulin, HOMA, Cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, Triglycerides, Von Willebrand Factor, Fibrinogen, Testosterone and C-reactive protein at six months.
Measure: Polymorphisms of estrogen receptor Time: six monthsDescription: Influence of 2 polymorphisms (rs9939609 and rs8050136) on the effect of different treatment regimens. Change from Baseline in weight, waist circumference, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, glucose at 120 min, Fasting insulin,HOMA, Cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, Triglycerides, Von Willebrand Factor, Fibrinogen, Testosterone and C-reactive protein at six months.
Measure: Polymorphisms in the fat mass-and obesity-associated (FTO) gene Time: Six MonthsDescription: To assess the effects of oral low-dose and non-oral hormone therapy (HT) on ultra-sensitive C reactive protein (CRP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopause.
Measure: Effects of hormone therapy on C reactive protein, atrial natriuretic peptide and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopause. Time: Six monthsThe aim of this study is to examine the interindividual variability of subjective and hormonal appetite responses to a standardised meal in healthy men and explore any moderating influence of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO). Participants homozygous for the obesity risk A allele (AA) or low risk T allele (TT) of FTO rs9939609 will complete two fasted control and two standardised meal (5025 kJ energy, 47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat) conditions in randomised sequences. Ratings of perceived appetite and venous blood samples will be taken before and after the interventions. Interindividual differences in appetite responses and the potential moderating influence of the FTO gene will be examined using bivariate correlations and linear mixed modelling.
Participants homozygous for the obesity risk A allele (AA) or low risk T allele (TT) of FTO rs9939609 will complete two fasted control and two standardised meal (5025 kJ energy, 47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat) conditions in randomised sequences.
Inclusion Criteria: - Homozygous minor allele (AA) or major allele (TT) FTO rs9939609 genotype; - Non-smoker; - Weight stable for the previous 3 months.
Exclusion Criteria: - Heterozygous FTO rs9939609 genotype (i.e., AT); - Any medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, coagulation or bleeding disorders); - Taking any medication that might influence appetite, fat metabolism or blood glucose; - Dieting or restrained eating behaviours; - Any food allergies.
A total of 18 healthy men will be recruited according to their FTO rs9939609 genotype: 9 homozygous minor allele (AA) and 9 homozygous major allele (TT).
Description: Control adjusted pre-to-post change in plasma acylated ghrelin concentration
Measure: Acylated ghrelin concentration Time: 1 hour (Plasma samples will be collected at 0 hour (pre) and 1 hour (post))Description: Control adjusted pre-to-post change in plasma total peptide YY concentration
Measure: Total peptide YY concentration Time: 1 hour (Plasma samples will be collected at 0 hour (pre) and 1 hour (post))Description: Control adjusted pre-to-post change in plasma insulin concentration
Measure: Insulin concentration Time: 0.5 hour (Plasma samples will be collected at 0 hour (pre) and 0.5 hour (post))Description: Control adjusted pre-to-post change in plasma glucose concentration
Measure: Glucose concentration Time: 0.5 hour (Plasma samples will be collected at 0 hour (pre) and 0.5 hour (post))Description: Control adjusted pre-to-post change in rating of perceived hunger. Perceived hunger will be measured using a 100 mm visual analogue scale anchored at 0, 'I am not hungry at all', and 100, 'I have never been more hungry'.
Measure: Rating of perceived hunger Time: 1 hour (Visual analogue scales will be completed at 0 hour (pre) and 1 hour (post))Description: Control adjusted pre-to-post change in rating of perceived satisfaction. Perceived satisfaction will be measured using a 100 mm visual analogue scale anchored at 0, 'I am completely empty', and 100, 'I cannot eat another bite'.
Measure: Rating of perceived satisfaction Time: 1 hour (Visual analogue scales will be completed at 0 hour (pre) and 1 hour (post))Description: Control adjusted pre-to-post change in rating of perceived fullness. Perceived fullness will be measured using a 100 mm visual analogue scale anchored at 0, 'Not full at all', and 100, 'Totally full'.
Measure: Rating of perceived fullness Time: 1 hour (Visual analogue scales will be completed at 0 hour (pre) and 1 hour (post))Description: Control adjusted pre-to-post change in rating of perceived prospective food consumption. Perceived prospective food consumption will be measured using a 100 mm visual analogue scale anchored at 0, 'Nothing at all', and 100, 'A lot'. consumption
Measure: Rating of perceived prospective food consumption Time: 1 hour (Visual analogue scales will be completed at 0 hour (pre) and 1 hour (post))The investigators hypothesize that compared to the provision of population-based lifestyle advice, providing DNA-based lifestyle advice via personalized nutrigenomics testing (PNT) to two distinct patient populations (Family Health Team patients receiving a lifestyle counselling intervention and transplant recipients) will lead to greater reductions in percent body fat. In addition, it will motivate them to adopt healthier dietary and physical activity habits through changes in attitudes and/or subjective norms and/or behavioural control, lead to greater fat loss (kg), increased percent lean mass and therefore improve health and quality of life outcomes for both patient populations. In addition, it is hypothesized that dietary strategies related to the intake of one or more dietary components of interest will mitigate post-transplant weight gain associated with three SNPs of interest. This is a randomized clinical intervention trial involving a total of four groups of patients (n = 400). The two main patient groups include overweight or obese, stable transplant recipients and overweight or obese patients who are attending group counselling sessions at the East Elgin Family Health Team. Within these two main groups, there will be two sub-groups. Patients will be randomized to receive either PNT or standard nutrition intervention (SNI). Baseline data will be conducted consisting of a food frequency questionnaire and three-day food records using a validated multiple pass method. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) will be conducted to assess body composition and to derive percent body fat and lean mass. Weight and height will be measured using a weigh scale and stadiometer. Attitudes, subjective norms and behavioural control will be assessed using a Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire. Those patients randomized to the PNT group will be instructed on a tailored nutrition care plan and physical activity recommendations based on their individual genetic profile. At the same time, the SNI group will be instructed on general nutrition and physical activity recommendations for weight loss, which include the use of dietary strategies from the standard tool ('Just the Basics') used by registered dietitians for transplant patients and the GLB program for patients attending the East Elgin Family Health Team sessions. Monthly email reminders or phone calls (depending on patient preference) will be sent to transplant recipients as a reminder of their nutrition and physical activity plan. Reminders of nutrition and physical activity goals for the Family Health Team participants are incorporated into the GLB program. Three months, six months and twelve months after baseline data collection and individual nutrition interventions, baseline data will be repeated. After the study is complete, participants in the SNI group will be offered a nutrigenomics report and consultation with a registered dietitian. A paired t-test or repeated measures ANOVA will be used to assess within group change from baseline to each follow-up time point for: BMI, body fat, lean mass, and dietary intake. A repeated measures ANOVA will be used to test between group differences from baseline to each follow-up time point for: BMI, body fat, lean mass, and dietary intake. If significant mean differences are detected, a Tukey's post hoc test will be used to compare differences by group. Statistical significance will be determined by P < 0.05. General linear regression models will be used to assess interactions between each genotype of interest and each dietary component of interest on BMI and body composition from baseline to each follow-up time point.
Nutrigenomics (nutrition-genetic) interactions between ACE gene variants at rs4343, FTO gene variants at rs1558902 (in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs9939609) and MC4R (rs571312) to mitigate risk of post-transplant weight gain will be assessed for transplant recipients in the PNT group.. Inclusion Criteria: - TRANSPLANT PATIENTS: Adults greater than or equal to age 18, non-pregnant, non-lactating, attending Canadian Transplant Association meetings, BMI ≥ 25kg/m2, ≥1 year stable (not being treated for transplant rejection or infection) post-transplant, having access to a computer with email or a telephone at least one day per week and English speaking.
Description: Change in body composition (body fat percentage as the primary outcome) will be assessed using BIA which will provide information on fat mass, lean mass, and water weight
Measure: Change in Body Fat Percentage Time: 3 months, 6 months, 12 monthsDescription: Change in dietary intake will be assessed using pre- and post- dietary data collected using 3-day food records, and a past-month online food frequency questionnaire.
Measure: Change in Dietary Intake Time: 3 months, 6 months, 12 monthsDescription: Change in physical activity will be assessed using pre- and post- physical activity data collected using a 7-day physical activity recall. Metabolic equivalents will then be calculated from this data.
Measure: Change in Physical Activity Time: 3 months, 6 months, 12 monthsDescription: Change in these key components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) will be assessed using a TPB questionnaire.
Measure: Change in Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Behavioural Control Time: Pre- and post- lifestyle intervention (baseline), 3 months, 6 months, 12 monthsDescription: Change in body composition will be assessed using BIA which will provide information on fat mass, lean mass, and water weight
Measure: Change in Body Composition Time: 3 months, 6 months, 12 monthsDescription: Change in BMI will be measured using weight and height data collected using a weigh scale and stadiometer
Measure: BMI Time: 3 months, 6 months, 12 monthsDescription: Change in weight will be measured using a weigh scale
Measure: Weight Time: 3 months, 6 months, 12 monthsDescription: Nutrigenomics (nutrition-genetic) interactions between ACE gene variants at rs4343, FTO gene variants at rs1558902 (in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs9939609) and MC4R (rs571312) to mitigate risk of post-transplant weight gain will be assessed for transplant recipients in the PNT group.
Measure: Nutrigenomics Interactions Time: 3 months, 6 months, 12 monthsUsing a database of individuals with FTO genetic data, the study aims to assess the appetite, energy intake, butyrylcholinesterase, gut hormone responses to a bout of moderate- to high intensity exercise in individuals with genetic variations in the FTO gene.
Effect of Exercise on Appetite, Energy Intake, Butyrylcholinesterase Activity and Gut Peptides in Men With Variants of the Obesity-linked FTO rs9939609 Polymorphism.
Inclusion Criteria: - non-smoker, not currently dieting, weight stable for >3 months (self-reported), no personal history of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease or dyslipidaemia, European ancestry, no psychiatric or medical condition Exclusion Criteria: - food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods and drinks, irregular eating patterns, use of medication that could influence hormone concentrations Inclusion Criteria: - non-smoker, not currently dieting, weight stable for >3 months (self-reported), no personal history of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease or dyslipidaemia, European ancestry, no psychiatric or medical condition Exclusion Criteria: - food allergies, dislike or intolerance of study foods and drinks, irregular eating patterns, use of medication that could influence hormone concentrations Appetitive Behavior The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 A allele is related to obesity, greater food intake and impaired postprandial reduction of ghrelin.
Exercise acutely suppresses levels of ghrelin and appetite, yet whether the response differs in people with or without the rs9939609 A allele is unknown.
This study assessed the effect of exercise on appetite, appetite-regulatory hormones and energy intake in variants of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism.
Cohort The investigators initially recruited 202 subjects to a database and measured FTO rs9939609 genotype.
From these subjects, 12 individuals homozygous for the 'obesity-risk' rs9939609 A allele and 12 homozygous for the T allele were recruited.
Description: Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples
Measure: Plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations (N=24) Time: 24 hoursDescription: Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples
Measure: Plasma desacyl ghrelin concentrations (N=24) Time: 24 hoursDescription: Measured using visual analogue scales
Measure: Subjective appetite (N=24) Time: 24 hoursDescription: Measured at laboratory-based meals
Measure: Ad-libitum energy intake (N=24) Time: 24 hoursDescription: Measured using Ellman's reagent protocol
Measure: Plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity (N=24) Time: First hour of main trial (three samples).Description: Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples
Measure: Plasma total glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations (N=24) Time: 24 hoursDescription: Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples
Measure: Plasma total peptide yy concentrations (N=24) Time: 24 hoursDescription: Measured using ELISA from venous blood samples
Measure: Plasma leptin concentrations (N=24) Time: Baseline (fasting) sampleThe study aims to evaluate the possible effects of an exercise program, nutritional and psychological, postural orientation and guidance of oral health on body composition, physical activity levels and lifestyle, physical fitness and health and motor performance, the factors risk of cardiovascular disease, eating habits, the cognition levels, the psychological profile, the body posture of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, considering the presence of risk genotype associated with the development of obesity. In addition, identify the effects of orientation for oral health on the quality of life and healthy oral habits.
The following parameters will be evaluated: anthropometric (BMI, waist circumference and skinfold thickness); hematologic and biochemical analysis (HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, C reative protein, ALT, AST, glycated hemoglobin, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, cortisol, irisina, F2 isoprostane and uric acid); polymorphism related to obesity (FTO rs9939609); related-health physical fitness (flexibility; sit and reach test; abdominal strength and cardiorespiratory fitness); postural deviations evaluated by the photogrammetry method - SAPO program.
Description: Body mass index is measured by the weight and height values, applying the formula: weight/(height)²
Measure: Body mass index (kg/m²) Time: 6 monthsBackground and Aims: The presence of the FTO rs9939609 and PPARy rs1801282 polymorphisms suggests changes in energy metabolism; this variation may be responsible for the development of various diseases including obesity. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of these polymorphisms in Mexican adolescents with overweight and obesity at high risk for developing diabetes. Methods and Results: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, where 71 healthy adolescents (average age of 16) were included. Anthropometric measurements, Body mass index, as well as the determination of glucose, insulin and HOMA index were calculated from all the patients. The FTO rs9939609 and PPARy rs1801282 polymorphisms were determined by real-time PCR.
FTO rs9939609 and PPARy rs1801282 Polymorphisms in Mexican Adolescents With Overweight and Obesity at High Risk for Developing Diabetes.
FTO rs9939609 and PPARy rs1801282 Polymorphisms in Mexican Adolescents Background and Aims: The presence of the FTO rs9939609 and PPARy rs1801282 polymorphisms suggests changes in energy metabolism; this variation may be responsible for the development of various diseases including obesity.
The FTO rs9939609 and PPARy rs1801282 polymorphisms were determined by real-time PCR.
Prevalence of the FTO rs9939609 and PPARy rs1801282 polymorphisms..
Description: The aim of this study was to identify the presence of these polymorphisms in Mexican adolescents with overweight and obesity at high risk for developing diabetes.
Measure: Prevalence of the FTO rs9939609 and PPARy rs1801282 polymorphisms. Time: up to 24 months.